The topography of Nagaland is full of hill ranges, which break into spurs and ridges. The terrain is mountainous covered by rich and varied biodiversity of flora and fauna. It is one of the 25 hot spots of the world with respect to its biological diversity, and hence can be termed as the state of true Mega biodiversity. The state houses the confluence of flora and fauna of the neighboring regions. Geographically, the state largely has vast undulating terrain and hilly landscape and some low-lying areas giving rise to a very conducive climate with the presence of perennial water and moisture for a truly rich variety of flora and fauna. The potential of this state in terms of the sheer variety of Agro and Horticultural produce including Fiber, Tea, Coffee, Pineapple, Orange, etc. is immense.

The key production statistics for the state (the year 2015-16) are presented below:

The total area covered by horticultural crops in the state has been estimated at 42897 ha (2008-09). The fruits are grown in the state range from tropical and sub-tropical fruits like banana, papaya, pineapple, and citrus to temperate fruits like apple, pear, peach, plum, strawberry, and even certain nut fruits. The state has a rich diversity of different vegetable crops and both indigenous tropical vegetables and temperate vegetables are grown to a considerable extent. The major vegetables grown in the region are cabbage, cauliflower, tomato, knol-khol, radish, carrot, French bean, and different cucurbitaceous crops.

Production Cluster of the State:-

Nagaland has the following marketing facilities in the state:

• One export promotion investment park which is located at Dimapur and focuses on agro & food processing
• One food park has been sanctioned in Dimapur
• Nagaland Food Private Limited has been established in Dimapur Industrial Estate, which specializes in bamboo shoot processing, pineapple, passion fruit, and orange juice processing
• Ministry of Food Processing Industries has sanctioned one Abattoir Project in Dimapur under the scheme of Ministry of Food Processing Industries to accelerate the growth of the food processing industry in the country through the facilitation of the establishment of strong food processing infrastructure backed by an effi­cient supply chain
• According to Central Warehousing Corporation, there is a storage capacity of 13000 MT established at Dimapur
• There are 19 wholesale markets and 174 primary rural markets in the State.
• There are two cold storages in Nagaland, one with a capacity of 500 MT owned by the private sector and the other with 1150 MT capacity owned by cooperatives

Agricultural markets in Nagaland:

• 19 Wholesale & 174 rural markets
• Two cold storage units
• One Export Promotion Investment Park
• One Food Park
• One Abattoir project in Dimapur
• Warehousing capacity of 13000 MT

Some of the major processing clusters in the state include:

• Paddy Processing Dimapur, Kiphir, Kohima, Longleng, Mokukchung, Wokha, Zunheboto
• Sugarcane Processing Dimapur, Kiphir, Kohima, Longleng, Mokukchung, Wokha, Zunheboto
• Soyabean Kiphir, Longleng, Zunheboto
• Ready to eat products Dimapur, Mokukchung
• Fruit Processing Kohima, Mokukchung
• Edible Oil Wokha
• Tea Dimapur, Kiphir
• Milk Dimapur
• Meat Kiphir, Dimapur, Kohima

• Nagaland has a suitable climate for agricultural and horticultural produce. It supports multiple crops viz., rice, maize, millet, gram, mustard, bean, sugarcane, rubber, tea, banana, pineapple, orange, jackfruit, pear, plum, passion fruit, litchi, mango, lemon, sweet lime, potato, sweet potato, tapioca, tomato, pea, chilly, ginger, garlic, cardamom, etc
• Jhum cultivation (or shifting cultivation) is widely practiced in Nagaland; however, crop yields are low under such cultivation. There is potential for increasing capacity utilization by adopting modern techniques
• Nagaland promotes bamboo processing as an enterprise, covering various applications such as food-based, medicinal usage, handicraft, art, tiles, and flooring. Nagaland Bamboo Development Agency (NBDA) is the nodal office that coordinates with other offices for all bamboo-related research, development, and business applications
• Pleasant climate, green hills, crisscrossing rivers, interspersed lakes, vibrant culture, colorful handicrafts, and weavings, and numerous festivals make Nagaland a tourist’s paradise. Creation of tourist complexes, eco-tourism, adventure tourism, ethnic culture tourism, health farms, hotels, convention centers, tourist travel services, etc. are various avenues for investment in the sector
• The preferred tourist destinations in the state are Kohima, Dimapur, Mokokchung, Longleng, Wokha, Kiphire, Zunheboto, Phek, Peren, Mon & Tuensang
• The Department of Sericulture of Nagaland is mandated to popularise sericulture in rural areas, generate employment opportunities, introduce and impart the latest technologies on sericulture, support the marketing of sericulture products, and promote silk exports from Nagaland.