The key States for Top 5 Fruits in India

ANDHRA PRADESH

Andhra Pradesh is the fifth largest producer of horticultrure crops.  State produces about 21.0 m MT of horticulture produce from an area of 1.6 m. ha. accounting for 7.6% of total horticulture production in the country.  Major share of production is from vegetables (38.9%) and fruits (50.1%).

• Andhra Pradesh has emerged as the second-largest fruit-producing State in the country and its share accounts for 11.8% of total production of fruits in the country.  The main fruits are mango, banana, citrus, papaya, guava and sapota.        
• During 2013-14, 27.85 lakh MT of fruits have been traded in organized markets with an average price of Rs. 14.01/Kg.

BIHAR

Bihar produces about 19.24 m. MT of horticulture produces from an area of 1.15 m. ha. accounting for about 6.9% of horticultural production in the country.  The major share of production of horticulture crops is from fruits (20.9%).

• Bihar is the leader in the production of litchi in the country.  Other important fruits of the State are banana, mango, guava and pineapple.

GUJARAT

Gujarat produces about 20.81 m. MT of horticulture from an area of 1.55 m. ha. accounting for 7.5% of total horticultural produce in the country.  Major share of production is from vegetables (55.60%), and fruits (38.45 %).

• During 2013-14, 4.32 lakh MT of fruits have been traded in organized markets with an average price of Rs. 31.59/Kg.

KARNATAKA

Karnataka produces about 18.69 million MT of horticulture produce from an area of 1.91 million ha. accounting for 6.7% of horticultural production in the country.  The major share of production is from vegetables (40.1%), fruits (35.6%) and plantation Crops (20.9%).

• During 2013-14, 7.35 lakh MT of fruits have been traded in organized markets with an average price of Rs. 27.69/ Kg.

Growth in Indian organized retail

• An increasing number of Modern trade formats and the entry of e-commerce channels throughout the country
• Higher penetration and better infrastructure for organized retail in metro cities.

Increase in population and rapid urbanization

• India is said to become the most populous country in the world surpassing China by the year 2022 and also the youngest country in the world
• The rapid urbanization and young population with more disposable income is a key growth driver for F&V demand in India

Changing consumer preferences

• Indian consumers are willing to try new exotic/imported F&V due to increase awareness due to exposure to media and globalization

• During 2016-17, India exported fresh fruits and vegetables worth USD 1.6 Bn. Mangoes, Grapes, Bananas and Pomegranates account for bulk of the fruits exported from the country
• The major destinations for Indian fresh fruits and are UAE, USA, Saudi Arabia, Netherlands, UK and Malaysia.
•  Most of the fruits which are imported through importers/own channels in India are Apples (Washington/Fuji), Dragon Fruit (Thailand), Kiwis (Italy), Berries, etc. which are sold through the above players through their own retail shops.
• Imports account for 1% of total Fruits market in terms of volume and in terms of pricing the imported fruits are generally three times expensive than domestic produced
• India exports of Fruits across the world, especially USA and African countries.

India's diverse climate ensures the availability of all varieties of fresh fruits. It ranks second in fruits production in the world, after China. Though India's share in the global market is still nearly 1% only, there is increasing acceptance of horticulture produce from the country. This has occurred due to concurrent developments in the areas of state-of-the-art cold chain infrastructure and quality assurance measures. Apart from large investment pumped in by the private sector, the public sector has also taken initiatives and with APEDA's assistance, several Centers for Perishable Cargoes and integrated post-harvest handling facilities have been set up in the country. Capacity building initiatives at the farmers, processors and exporters' levels have also contributed towards this effort.

Top Fruit Crop Production in India, during 2018-19

Area and Production Growth Trends for Fruit Crops in India

In the fiscal year 2019, the production of the total fruit was approximated to be at over 98 million metric tons. These fruits include bananas, mangos, papayas and a variety of apples among others. As a leading producer of low-cost fruits and vegetables, the country had an enormous export market. The main exports include mango pulp, fresh mangoes, dried walnuts and fresh grapes.

India is the world’s second-largest producer of fruits. To reduce wastage of fresh fruits and to add value to them, processes like canning, dehydration, pickling, provisional preservation and bottling have been introduced. However, the percentage of processing of fruits is currently less than 3% as compared to countries like China (23%), the United States (65%) and Philippines (78%). In FY 2019, 8.31 Mn tons of fruits were processed in India, which is expected to reach 16.39 Mn tons by 2024, expanding at a CAGR of 14.84% during the FY 2020-FY 2024 period.

The Indian fruit processing industry experiences a conducive growth environment, owing to the abundant supply of raw materials and favourable government policies like Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY). Rising consumer affordability and rapid urbanization resulted in lifestyle changes, following which the preference for processed fruits and vegetables increased substantially. Nevertheless, several factors like the lack of required infrastructure, and higher cost of processed fruits and vegetables are the major hurdle to the growth of the industry.

The industry is witnessing an increased application of innovative technology to increase productivity. Artificial intelligence (AI) is being implemented to examine fresh fruits for defects, and accurately predict the exact date of decay. Nanotechnology is aiding in maintaining the freshness of perishables. Furthermore, grading robots are used to evaluate the quality of the product to minimize manual errors. Cold plasma, high-pressure processing, irradiation and radio frequency identification (RFID) are technologies that are mostly used in the fruit and vegetable industry in India.

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